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The main rituals and religious practices against vampires in Europe in the Middle Ages

The anti -European and modern anti -aheads rituals were a mixture of pagan, Christian and folkloric practices, reflecting the fear of the dead who returned to chase the neighborhoods. Below, we detail the most common methods, based on archaeological evidence and historical records:

1. Preventive practices during the funeral

Body condition

• burialThe bodies were placed in the stomach, and they were prevented from “crashing” to get out of the grave. in Pączewo (Poland), a girl was found in the thirteenth century with her head and head.
• Burial out of gravesThe vampire suspects were buried in isolated areas, such as the case of an adult woman and a child in it Trunks (Poland), outside the Christian Ocean.

Connectors

• Biggel and risk: Put on the neck or on the trunk to behead or stabbed the body if you try to get up. In PIEN (Poland), a seventeenth young woman was buried with an iron discusser in her neck and lock on her foot.
• Heavy stonesStack on the body to prevent movement, as in the case of a thirteenth -century child in Goura Chimska (Poland).

2. APOTROPAIC (protective objects)

The holy elements

• Bible and sacred waterUsed to ward off vampires, and after Christian imitation. In Serbia, the bodies were buried with wax crosses and inscriptions like “Jesus Christ”.
• Garlic and plantsGarlic, pink, or angry pilgrim branches were placed in the graves or on the doors of homes. In Romania, garlic was rubbed in windows and stables.

Symbolic barriers

• Metal currencies in the mouth: Inspired by the Greek traditions of paying, the underworld, but it was adapted to the dispersal of vampires, forcing them at the expense of grains or coins.
• Fishing networks: They participated in the body “arrest” their soul, as it is found in seventeen graves in the seventeenth century.

3. Body distortion and destruction

decapitation

• The risks in the heartMade of a specific wood (Freixo in Russia, Pelitoor in Serbia). The most famous situation is to be Petar Blagagević (1725), which was stored and her body was burned “uncomfortable” after the accusations of vampires.3.
• RemovalThe strings of the leg were cut to prevent movement. In Celise, the bodies were buried with a scythe around the neck.

Burn

• BodiesCommon practice in Slavic regions. in Kisylva (Serbia), corpse Blagjevic It was burned after the bodies were extracted.
• Separate parts of the bodyThe heads were buried separately, as in Lozin (Poland), where 450 nineteenth -century body was found with skulls between the legs.

4. Religious success and response to the church

Endowment of pagan rituals

• Sects before Christianity: Practices such as burying scythes or coins derived from Slavic and Greek traditions. The Church re -interpreted them, linking vampires with the demons of punishment or souls.
• Purification ritualsThe priests made Barakat in suspicious tombs and objects, using salt and sacred water to “expel” the threat.

The theological denial

• Papal data: In the eighteenth century, Pope Benedict XIV published OvercomingSaying that non -virtuous bodies were normal, not supernatural to contain panic.

5. Pros -archaeological cases

Final balance

Anti -Mamamia rituals in fear, pragmatism and religious success. While the church saw vampires as a threat to the doctrine of the Resurrection, societies adopted brutal measures to ensure physical and spiritual security. In the archaeological aspect, these practices not only reveal myths, but also the cultural responses of the environment, sudden deaths and collective shocks, such as plague and tuberculosis, which are often attributed to “Unad”.

Webgraphy – In APA style (seventh edition).

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