Tour 1415-1417: Constance Council and Unification of the Catholic Church Funchal News Madeira News – Information from everyone for everyone!
Tour 1415-1417, was listed in the context Constance Council (1414-1418), it was a decisive milestone in the history of the Catholic Church, and an end A great split for the West (1378-1417), which divided Christianity with up to three doors at the same time. Not only this papal unit was restored, but also prepared the definition of the relationship between the twisted power and the Babylonian, which enhances the reforms that would form the ecclesiastical structure in the following centuries.
Historical context: the great defection and the need for reform
The triglyceride division
After the papal returns Avenueon For Rome in 1377 and the death of the eleventh Gregory in 1378, the sixth urban elections established an unprecedented crisis. The dissident Cardinals, are not satisfied with tyranny, elected Clement VI, who settled in Avenueon. In 1409, and Pisa Council Try to solve the dilemma alike and elect Alexander V, but the procedure failed, which led to this Three rival doors:
- Gregory XII (Rome)
- Bento thirteenth (Avenion)
- John Twenty -third (Pisa).
Litage seizure of church authority, exacerbation of corruption, semen and political conflicts.
Call Constance Council
In 1414, the emperor was pressured Sigismond from the Holy EmpireAntipa John xxiii called Constance Council. Its goals were:
- End the division ((It causes union).
- Church renewal ((The reason for reform).
- Fight heresy ((The cause of faith), Like Jean House.
The Council combined bishops, theologians and representatives of European kings, to become one of the largest ecclesiastical events in the Middle Ages.
The flavor in the context of the council
Popes deposited competing
The reunification process requires the removal of the three suits:
- John Twenty -thirdHe escaped from Constance in 1415, but he was arrested, sentenced to him and was removed by Simonia and the defect.
- Gregory XII: He voluntarily abandoned in July 1415, which leads to the legitimacy of the council by officially summoning it before the waiver.
- Bento thirteenth: He refused to give up, and announced it about the panels and letters in 1417. His few supporters (Aragon and Scotland) gradually abandoned.
Martin V election (1417)
With the free road for unified elections, Cardinal College It expanded to 30 delegates from the “Five Nations” (Italy, France, Germany, England and Spain), with a total of 53 voters. On November 11, 1417, three days after deliberations, Cardinal Oddone Colonna Unanimously elected, name adoption Martinho V.
Delivery procedures:
- local: Constance Market Chapel, adapting to rituals.
- voteThe vast majority of two -thirds were required, with secret sounds.
- DepartmentAll the participants swore accepting the result and working for the unit.
The elections were celebrated with the advertisement “pope”Martino Fifth was crowned on November 21, and officially ended the defection.
Conciliar reforms and decisions
Decree This is sacred (1415)
The council said Compatible excellence around the PopeHe announced that the Ecumenical Council had drawn his authority directly from Christ and that even the Pope was subjected to his decisions. However, this principle will be challenged later, especially after the Basel Council (1431-1449).
Church repairs
Despite the limited Korean resistance, the measures include:
- Simone condemnation Church benefits accumulate.
- Organizing the episcopal electionsReducing interference mode.
- Unification of liturgical practices The discipline is my book.
Oh Kaso Jean House
Reformer Czech Jean’s houseIt was called to the council under safe behavior, which was judged by heresy. Despite the defense of ideas similar to ideas John Wiklef (Veuring publishing), mania He refused to retreat and burned him in the fire on July 6, 1415. His execution increased from tensions in the bohemian, and reached its climax Changes (1419-1434).
Decree and East
Restore unity and papal power
Martinho V transported the papal headquarters to Rome in 1420, when the city began to be rebuilt and the Papoyle’s time force was reaffirmed. Pontificate (1417-1431) reinforced the Romanian authority, despite increasing pressure on reforms.
Tension between success and door
Decree This is sacred Permanent discussions were born on the relationship between councils and papes. While theologians, such as Jean -Jerson, defended the superiority of the brutal, Martino V, and succeeded him restricting such ideas, and reached their peak in the inclusion of the package hateful (1460), which prohibited the appeal to the councils without the papal permission.
Cultural and political influence
The Constance Council has strengthened the effect of the kings as Sigismondo, who used the event to design imperial power. In addition, the condemnation of HUS has fed the reform movements before reform, especially in Central Europe.
Webgraphy
- https://www.germanroutes.com.br/concilio-de-constanca/
- https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/conclave
- https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/conc3 %Adlio_de_constan %
- https://ihu.unisinos.br/categorias/614328-o-concilio-de-constanca-eo-grande-cisma
- https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/papa_martinho_v
- https://www.historiamedieval.com/post/o-conc3 %Adlio-de-constan %
- https://www.infopedia.pt/artigos/ Constanta
- https://mundoeducacao.uol.com.br/historageraral/cisma-ocidente-na-igreja-catolica.htm
- https://opermundi.uol.com.br
- https://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/noticia/2025/05/07/qual-foi-o-conclave-mais-curto-eo-mais-
- https://www.ihu.unisinos.br/categorias/614328-oConcilio-de-constanca-eo-grande-cisma
- https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/internacional/conca-a-origem-da-expressao-habemus-papam-dita-qando-pa-e-escolhido/
- https://www.infopedia.pt/artigos/ farisma-du-cidente
- https://www.giramundo.pt/17-o- Grande-cisma-du-cidente/
- https://pt.euronews.com/my-europe/2025/04/21/conclaves-ao-do-
- https://www.vaticannews.va/pt/Papa/news/2025-05/ecyo-papa-laingua-latina-extra-omnes-habemus-papam.html
- https://mundoeducacao.uol.com.br/historageraral/cisma-ocidente-na-igreja-catolica.htm
- https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/lista_de_conclaves
- https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/grande_cisma_do_ocidente
- https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/papa_martinho_v
- https://nsinarhistoria.com.br/grande-cisma-do-ocidente-europa-divida/
- https://www.dw.com/PT-BR/1414-com from
- https://funchalnotics.net/2025/05/08/breve-historia-dos-conclaves/
- http://arquivo.revistapassos.com.br/default.asp?
- https://gaudiumpress.org/content/grande-cisma-do-ocidente/
- https://revista.arautos.org/o-beato-joao-ndalici-eo-concilio-de-constanca-um-homem-providencial-na-toluca-du-grande-CISma/
- https://www.infopedia.pt/artigos/ Constanta
- https://www.germanroutes.com.br/concilio-de-constanca/
- https://www.infopedia.pt/artigos/ farisma-du-cidente
- https://super.abril.com.br/historia/o-conclave-te-quase-dividiu-a-igreja-catolica-em-duas/
- https://www.acidigital.com/noticia/62559/a-historia-Do-habemus-papam-e-da-fumaaca-branca-que-anucia-novo-papa
- https://alea.blogs.sapo.pt/tag/grande+cisma+doOCidente
