The precariousness of teachers is concentrated in educational centers with more vulnerable students | Instruction
Andreas SchleicherFather and director of the Pisa report, the largest international evaluation, which examines almost 700,000 students all over the world, recommends to the countries that put their most experienced teachers in the educational centers in which students study more needs. A advice that Spain is far from compliant. In the most complex institutions, many teachers work who stand out not only for their abilities, but also To have a great vocation. But if all Spanish educational centers are taken and divided into four groups depending on the socio -economic and cultural level of children who come from them, it turns out that the level of precariousness of the work is much higher in those located in the lowest step than the richest. In particular, the percentage of teachers who have worked in the same educational center for less than three years reaches 34.1% in the institutes located in the lowest phase, while the percentage is reduced to 19.1% in the highest.
This is due, on the one hand, to the fact that the temporality of the work is much lower in the concerted teaching, To which they usually go more than medium and high socio -economic students than in public. But also that within the network of public schools there are not enough incentives or structural measures to guarantee stability in those environments where it is particularly necessary. This is reflected by an ESADEECPOL report published Tuesday who thoroughly analyzes the situation of teachers in Spain who exploit the data of a dozen national and international sources.
The study highlights that the teachers, the most decisive educational factor, face increasingly complex classrooms, despite which they have been ignored in the subsequent teaching reforms that took place in Spain so far from the century. And that his work does not have sufficient support in terms of working conditions, support programs for late students or in the teaching access system. The Ministry of Education is negotiating right now with the teaching unions that plan changes in the profession, after the two previous attempts, in 2011, when the socialists governed and 2015, with the PP, failed.
The increase in the complexity of the classrooms is clearly observed in different indicators. Child poverty, measured through the international rope, grew in Spain from 29.9% in 2018 to 34.7% in 2023, in a context of reducing general poverty. “This apparent contradiction is due, among others, to the highest fertility rate of the migrant population, to the increase in homes of homes, inflation from 2021 and the lack of effective policies against childhood poverty,” says the report. Primary students of immigrant origin represented in 2023 32.1% of the total, when 10 years ago it was 21.5%. The Esadecpol report calculates the percentage, in line with the Pisa relationship, including both students born abroad and those whose parents (at least one of them) have done. Both in Spain and in almost all the countries participating in Pisa Students of immigrant origin obtain significantly lower results than the natives. One of the reasons is that the language that speak at home is often different from that of the school.
The reality of the classrooms was also complicated due to the worsening of children’s psychological conditions. The percentage of 15 -year -old students who claim to feel dissatisfied with life by 9.5% in 2015, 11.6% in 2018 and 14.6% in 2022. The percentage of those who feel anxiety more than once a week was folded in four years, going from 11% to 2018 to 20% in 2022. 2023 more than in most developed countries. According to the international evaluation of Timss, the indicator of said climate in the classroom has worsened from 0.05 points to 0.08 in the OECD countries, while in Spain it retired from 0.09 to 0.34. Catalonia, Andalusia, Murcia and in particular the Basque country have distinguished themselves for the evil in this field, while Cantabria and Castilla-León did it forever.
Less salary
The teaching staff deals with this more demanding scenario with an excessive temporal rate, in particular in public education, which in 2023 reached 28% (in private is 13.7%), which generates “a dynamic of great instability, rotation in educational centers and great difficulties of wages. (In A Calculation Based on the Inesa -Salary Structure Survey, Which Encomparas Primary, Which are the Worst Paid, to University, Which are the ONES THAT are the Most and Throw the Final Computation up) 38.144 EUROS, APPREDED TO 38,634 of the set of world with university studies, and 40.243 Euros of Averrage of the Public Worker With Level Educational They work a Number of Hours in The Averal of Developed Countries (175 Days on Averal in Spain, 183 in the OECD), but having one of the relatively longer summer stops have more saturated working hours than lesson hours.
The teachers do not, on the other hand, with the support of a stable reinforcement structure for students. In Spain, only 30.7% of the educational centers offer further mathematics lessons, compared to an average of 65.6% in the EU (with great territorial differences, ranging from 48.4% in Castilla Y León to 8% in Navarra). A lack that helps to understand the boom of extracurricular education in Spain, which is expanding the educational gap of students based on the level of wealth of their family. At the beginning of last year, the government announced a reinforcement plan in mathematics and language with 500 million, which education hoped to bend. But the lack of general state budget has made, for the moment, only a very limited version has been launched.
In this context, the satisfaction of the teaching staff with their work has decreased. The percentage of teachers of disagreement with the statement “If I found another similar work, would cease to be a teacher” went from 78% in 2007 to 42% in 2023, according to an investigation published in 2023 by the SM foundation that the Esade report cites. And according to Timss, the perception of primary school students on the quality of class explanations in class, especially in 25% of students who live in the most disadvantaged houses, between 2019 and 2023, has also decreased.
Mathematics and language skills of teachers
The secondary teaching staff gets better results than the group of Spanish workers with university education in the Picca test, which is similar to the Pisa relationship, but instead of evaluating children of 15 years examines the entire adult population in about thirty developed countries. The teachers reach 291.2 points in reading (10.6 more than the average of university workers) and 292.8 in mathematics (14.9 points more). While both the skills of the teachers of high school and those of all workers (in particular those of reading) have retired compared to the previous edition of Piacc, held a decade ago. Primary teachers, however, obtain worst data that the average of university workers both in reading (270.9 points) and in mathematics (275.1), although in their case the setback compared to a decade ago only occurred in the field of reading, while they improved 5 points in mathematics.
ESADEECPOL proposes to improve the attraction of the profession of teaching that establishes a professional career. It implements a specific test of access to the races to be a master in the style of which it exists in the Balearic Islands. And reduce the offer of places of the teaching qualifications so that it adapts more to the demand of the educational system and the cutting note increases: it is now in a 7.71, 9.22 of computer science, 9.71 in science and 10.25 of those of the health area.
The report raises, at the same time, to improve the pedagogical formation of teachers, in particular that of high school. The data of the Talis Studio of 2018 (the new edition will be published this autumn), which is carried out by the OECD, show that Spain is one of the developed countries where high school teachers feel less prepared to teach high schools in classroom classes with different level students (as are the Spaniards always) and where less training claim to have received. The elementary ones, on the other hand, have better results both in this field and in others linked to the professional vocation towards education. Esadecpol also proposes that everyone goes to educational centers through the educational mir so called, a period of “at least” a year in which the new teachers would have worked accompanying expert teachers.
